Anything that can be counted is considered a countable noun. It can be a singular noun or a plural noun.
Singular countable nouns | Plural countable nouns |
a kangaroo![]() |
three kangaroos![]() |
an airplane![]() |
two airplanes![]() |
Anything that cannot be easily separated or counted is considered as an uncountable noun. It is referred to as a mass, a whole, or a concept.
Examples: | |
weather![]() |
rain lightning wind snow |
ideas and experiences![]() |
advice fun progress information |
materials and substances![]() |
water milk gold cement |
groups or collections of things![]() |
equipment furniture garbage luggage |
abstract concepts![]() |
love luck happiness music |
Pay attention to the articles and the adjectives you use with different nouns. Some can be used with only countable or only uncountable nouns.
Used with Countable Nouns Only | |
a/an | a car, an elephant |
a/an = one object | a car = 1 car![]() an elephant = 1 elephant ![]() |
many | many books, many situations |
many = a large number | many books = a large number of books![]() |
few | few problems, few countries |
a few | a few questions, a few issues |
few = a small number | few countries = a small number of countries![]() |
Used with Uncountable Nouns Only | |
much | much food, much time |
much = a large quantity | much food = a large quantity of food![]() |
little | little meat, little patience |
a little bit of | a little bit of snow |
little = a small quantity | a little bit of snow = a small quantity of snow![]() |
Used With Countable Nouns | Used with Uncountable Nouns | |
the | the tigers, the planes | the cheese, the knowledge |
some | some forks, some tables | some time, some news |
For example | the 5 planes some planes ![]() the & some = more than 1 when used with countable nouns |
the cheese some cheese ![]() the & some = a certain quantity when used with uncountable nouns |
any | any workers, any beliefs | any advice, any soap |
For example | Are there any workers left?![]() There aren’t any workers left. ![]() any = more than 1 or none when used with countable nouns |
Do you have any soap?![]() I don’t have any soap. ![]() any = a certain quantity or none when used with uncountable nouns |
a lot of | a lot of animals, a lot of employees | a lot of furniture, a lot of equipment |
enough | enough restaurants, enough plates | enough money, enough food |
plenty of | plenty of differences | plenty of trouble |
For example | a lot of employees![]() a lot of = a large number when used with countable nouns |
enough money![]() enough = a large quantity when used with uncountable nouns |
The word hair is normally uncountable in English, however, when used to refer to individual hairs, it becomes countable.
For example:
Uncountable | Countable |
She has brown hair.![]() |
I have a few white hairs.![]() |
Sometimes, we can use countable noun phrases to replace uncountable nouns.
Uncountable Nouns | Countable Noun Phrases |
luggage | a suitcase, a bag |
travel | an adventure, a trip, a journey |
money | a dollar, a coin, a sum of money |
meat | a piece of meat |
Uncountable nouns cannot be used when referring to a specific number of objects/things. You need to use countable noun phrases.
For example:
Inappropriate Usage | Accurate Usage |
I’m bringing three |
I’m bringing three suitcases on the airplane. |
I went on five |
I went on five trips last year. |
This computer costs 1000 |
This computer costs 1000 dollars. |
They will eat two |
They will eat two pieces of meat tonight |
Some nouns can have different meanings depending on their use.
Countable Use | Uncountable Use | |
glass | I broke a glass on the kitchen floor yesterday. | Glass is easy to break. |
![]() In this case, glass refers to the cup. |
![]() In this case, glass refers to the material. |
|
iron | You need an iron to make your shirt look nice. | People used to believe that boats made of iron would sink. |
![]() In this case, an iron refers to the appliance. |
![]() In this case, iron refers to the material. |
|
light | We set up the new lights in the studio last week. | The light outside today is beautiful. |
![]() In this case, a light refers to the lighting equipment. |
![]() In this case, light refers to the general brightness during the day. |
|
paper | I handed in my last paper of the term. | Many companies try to use less paper every year. |
![]() In this case, paper refers to a school assignment. |
![]() In this case, paper refers to the material. |
|
time | I have watched this movie four times before. | Time is precious. |
![]() In this case, time refers to the number of occurrences. |
![]() In this case, time refers to the general concept. |
Some abstract nouns are sometimes used countably. It happens when the uncountable noun has a more global meaning and the countable use is more specific.
Uncountable Use | Countable Use | |
education | Education is important. Education here refers to the general concept. |
My first child had a very expensive education at a prestigious school. Education here refers to a specific education offered by a school. |
cinema | Cinema is considered the 7th form of art. Cinema here refers to movie making. |
There are 5 different cinemas in this city. Cinema here refers to a movie theater. |
depression | Depression is a serious mental illness. Depression here refers to mental illness. |
This country has suffered from many depressions in the past centuries. Depression here refers to major events causing economic crashes. |
freedom | This person enjoyed freedom for the first time in years. Freedom here refers to the concept of being free. |
This teenager was permitted multiple freedoms that most didn’t have. Freedom here refers to individual liberties. |